Ideas from 'Identity and Existence in Logic' by C. Anthony Anderson [2014], by Theme Structure

[found in 'Bloomsbury Companion to Philosophical Logic' (ed/tr Horsten,L/Pettigrew,R) [Bloomsbury 2014,978-1-4725-2303-0]].

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4. Formal Logic / E. Nonclassical Logics / 6. Free Logic

18767

Free logics has terms that do not designate real things, and even empty domains

5. Theory of Logic / G. Quantification / 5. Second-Order Quantification

18763

Basic variables in second-order logic are taken to range over subsets of the individuals

5. Theory of Logic / G. Quantification / 7. Unorthodox Quantification

18771

Stop calling ∃ the 'existential' quantifier, read it as 'there is...', and range over all entities

7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 2. Types of Existence

18769

Do mathematicians use 'existence' differently when they say some entity exists?

7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 11. Ontological Commitment / a. Ontological commitment

18770

We can distinguish 'ontological' from 'existential' commitment, for different kinds of being

9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 4. Impossible objects

18768

We cannot pick out a thing and deny its existence, but we can say a concept doesn't correspond

18766

's is non-existent' cannot be said if 's' does not designate

9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 5. Individuation / a. Individuation

18765

Individuation was a problem for medievals, then Leibniz, then Frege, then Wittgenstein (somewhat)

9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 7. Indiscernible Objects

18764

The notion of 'property' is unclear for a logical version of the Identity of Indiscernibles